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Empirical Analysis of Route Operating Characteristics, Level of Service and Profitability: The Case of Jeepneys in the City of Manila


This research investigated the empirical relationships among route operating characteristics, profitability, and level of service for the case of jeepneys in the City of Manila. An understanding of these factors and their inter-relationships is a prerequisite to proper planning, management, and regulation of jeepney operations. The field surveys include driver interview survey, passenger interview survey, boarding and alighting survey, and jeepney terminal survey. From the survey data collected, empirical models are established to determine the appropriate route operating characteristics that would maximize jeepney profitability for the benefit of the drivers/operators, and at the same time maximize level of service for the benefit of the passengers. The research reveals the existence of optimal route operating characteristics from the perspectives of simultaneously maximizing profitability and level of service objectives. Hence, it is recommended that current planning and policy guidelines for managing jeepney route operations in the City of Manila be reviewed in the light of the findings of this research. Furthermore, similar studies should be undertaken for other case study areas in order to establish the stability of the empirical relationships derived from this research.

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