The research aims: 1) to examine how globalization, economic liberalization and democratization, and corporate social and environmental responsibility relate to the implementation of voluntary initiatives; 2) to identify the conditions underpinning corporate social and environmental responsibility; 3) to assess the contribution of the voluntary initiatives to social and sustainable development and toward improving labor conditions and the environment; and 4) to consider whether corporate self-regulation and civil regulation constitute an effective alternative to mandatory regulation.
