This policy brief analyzes the unsustainability of the Military and Uniformed Personnel (MUP) pension system in the Philippines and proposes policy options for reform. The current non-contributory system, fully subsidized by taxpayers, is facing escalating costs due to the increasing number of MUP, automatic indexation of pensions to active MUP salaries, and a low optional retirement age. The brief highlights the historical failure of the separate military pension scheme, the Armed Forces of the Philippines-Retirement and Separation Benefits System (AFP-RSBS). It compares the generous MUP pension package with the less favorable schemes for private-sector workers under Social Security System (SSS) and Government Service Insurance system (GSIS). The brief introduces several policy options, including establishing an independent commission to review the system, creating a separate pension scheme for the military, raising the retirement age, requiring MUP contributions, shifting to a defined-contribution or blended system, and considering privatization. These reforms aim to create a fiscally sustainable and equitable system that recognizes the contributions of MUP while ensuring long-term economic security for retirees.