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A Framework for an ICM Legislation


The sectoral approach of the government in managing coastal resources failed to avert the rapid degradation of coastal environment. Due to the interconnectivity of coastal ecosystems, an integrated and holistic management approach is needed to sustainably manage these ecosystems. To address the failure of sectoral approach, the Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) has been developed and considered to be the best approach in dealing with coastal resources. Despite the promotion of ICM in the country, the decline in aquatic and marine resources continues. In order to strengthen the application of ICM, there is a need to establish a national coastal policy through legislation that will address the prevailing issues in coastal management. This paper explores the challenges and issues in coastal management, and recommends a framework on how to legislate an ICM policy.


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