Written for the Second Congressional Commission on Education and based on existing research, this Policy Note provides an overview of the major issues confronting the Philippine education system. Looking at the poor learner outcomes and their contributing factors, the authors raise the urgency of addressing challenges in early childhood education, basic education, technical and vocational education, and higher education. More importantly, the authors recommend tackling financial, organization, technical, human resource, and poverty- and inequality-related constraints to learning to ensure that Filipino learners acquire 21st-century competencies that will enable them to cope and thrive in a complex world of multiple disruptions.