This primer discusses the state of Lao PDR’s agriculture, structures and institutions, policy frameworks, and financial systems that help in bolstering the sector. It also outlines the means and methods by which the Lao PDR government enjoins farmers to take an active role in the implementation of policies that transform the agriculture industry from subsistence to one that is market oriented. The primer further presents the challenges that beset the industry. Likewise, it highlights the strategic position and vast potentials of Lao PDR agriculture, being situated in one of the fastest emerging areas in Southeast Asia where long-term economic development is imminent.