Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Assessment report (2001) stated that anthropogenic activities are the main cause of spikes in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the last century. Burning of fossil fuels is the dominant source of CO2 emissions that contributed to global warming and climate change. The use of alternative clean and renewable energy is a widely acknowledged mitigation and adaptation strategy to addressing climate change. Renewable and clean energy sources include solar, wind, hydro, and bioenergy. Bioenergy is energy produced from plant biomass including trees, perennial grasses, and energy-rich and oil-rich food crops.
