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Vulnerability Assessment of Climate Change Induced Flooding: Lesson Learny from a Municipality in the Philippines


The municipality of Angono in the province of Rizal of the Philippines is the worst victim of flood for a long time. This municipality is affected by flood in almost three years interval. The vulnerability of flooding in this municipality was assessed using Participatory Learning Approach (PLA), FGD, trend analysis; transect survey, household survey, and weight-based ranking. There revealed a change in climatic factors like temperature, rainfall and seasonal pattern in the whole Philippines. Heavy precipitation in the wet season cause overflow of the river and Laguna de Bay of Angono thus, four major lakeshore Barangays (village/ward) go under water. Among ten Barangays, four lakeshore Barangays are impacted by flooding an area comprising about 17% of the total land area of the municipality. Children and old people are mostly exposed to the flooding and adversely impacted by the hazard. Poor people are found more affected than the rich and middle class. It is also reflected that the poor are mostly victimized due to their location of houses in the unprotected areas and poor housing. The elevation of the affected area is as low as 0-5 % from the sea level which is also another cause of flooding. Moreover, the depth of the lake is decreasing due to sedimentation and cannot hold excess water. Marginalized people located in the low-lying waterfront are impacted either by the loss of livelihood or lowering of earning during and after the flood period. Almost 76% of the household heads in the area have no alternative livelihood and are the worse victim of flooding. Health and sanitation facilities are highly impacted by the flood including disruption of potable water supply, overflow sewerage system; dysfunction of toilets. About 99% of the households experienced different kind diseases during and after the flooding. Among the affected people, 45% were within 0-14-year age bracket. Critical infrastructure like health care center, fire and police station, government and private offices, educational institutes were also impacted during the flood. Loss of agricultural properties, damage in road networks, buildings, and other infrastructure cause economic drawback instantly and also create a long-term problem in communication, housing, and food security. Farmers are mostly marginalized; once their products are lost or damaged due to flooding this community loss their way of livelihood and become poorer. Erosion of soil in the upland area cause sedimentation in the lakes and lakeshore area, grassland, and vegetation covers are damaged which later make the area more erosion-prone. In the context of coping capacity, the municipality has a local disaster management council called MDCC along with MSWDO and BDCC in Barangays level whose mandate is to take necessary action in pre-disasters, in-situ and post-disaster event. Local Disaster Coordinating Councils (LDCCs) which include PDCC, MDCC, and BDCC were found with weak coordination which hinders the proper rescue and evacuation of the flood-affected people.


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