This paper documents the proceedings of a roundtable discussion focused on the biological and ecological state of marine life in the South China Sea. The study examines the severe impact of territorial disputes, overfishing, and land reclamation on marine biodiversity and coral reef ecosystems. Key discussions center on the urgent need for multilateral environmental cooperation, the establishment of marine protected areas, and the role of scientific diplomacy in managing contested waters. By highlighting the interconnectedness of marine resources, the research advocates for a shift from purely geopolitical frameworks toward sustainable, ecology-based regional management. Ultimately, the proceedings emphasize that protecting the South China Sea’s fragile environment is essential for regional food security and the preservation of global marine heritage.