This paper reviews the history of the Spratly Islands Marine Peace Park proposal from the viewpoint of its original proponent since the 1980s to the present. It presents the development of scientific theories in fisheries, oceanography, and genetic connectivity of Spratly Island reefs as sources of recruits for coral reefs in the Indo-West Pacific. The environmental change and geopolitical contexts of the South China Sea are related to the peace park proposal under a framework similar to the Antarctic Treaty and the prospects for scientific cooperation.