This research attempts to present a job-accessibility standard for off-site
resettlement planning in the Philippines by using a generalized transport cost model. People
who were relocated outside Metro Manila endure high transport fare and long travel time.
Resettlement policies by the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank require
restoration of assets of relocatees throughout the resettlement implementation. However,
loss of accessibility was not taken into consideration by the said agencies.
The Generalized Transport Cost Model was adopted as the method for accessibility
standard. Three components of commuting job experience as accessibility measure were
integrated into the generalized transport cost by converting these into monetary value;
direct travel fare, travel time, and human effort. Direct travel fare is the amount passengers
pay for public transport. Travel time is converted into monetary value based on the National
Capital Region's minimum wage. Human effort or physical and mental exhaustion, is
included in the coefficient of travel time. Human effort is measured by two criteria: how
stressed commuters feel and how much they perspire while traveling.
As a result, it shows that the average general transport cost prior to relocation is
Php 85 for a one-way commute and Php 373 after relocation. Due to the increased transport
burden, a number of relocatees stay within Metro Manila during weekdays. Commuters
who travel on a daily basis pay a general transport cost ofPhp 224 for a one-way commute
(this excludes workers who stay within Metro Manila). Acceptable travel cost for all
respondents is Php 147. Acceptable walking time is 11 minutes, waiting time is 10 minutes,
and in-transit time is 37 minutes.
In order to fulfill the job-accessibility standard, walking distance from house to
vehicle bay should be within 540 meters with a walking speed of3km/h; headway of public
transportation is 10 minutes and riding distance is 30 km with a driving speed of50km/h;
direct travel fare for public transport is Php 40; total cost for commuting one way must be
set within a general transport cost ofPhp 147.